![]() Further simplification, by removing terms describing vorticity yields the full potential equations. These equations can be simplified by removing terms describing viscous actions to yield the Euler equations. The fundamental basis of almost all CFD problems is the Navier–Stokes equations, which define many single-phase (gas or liquid, but not both) fluid flows. A final validation is often performed using full-scale testing, such as flight tests.ĬFD is applied to a wide range of research and engineering problems in many fields of study and industries, including aerodynamics and aerospace analysis, hypersonics, weather simulation, natural science and environmental engineering, industrial system design and analysis, biological engineering, fluid flows and heat transfer, engine and combustion analysis, and visual effects for film and games.Ī simulation of the Hyper-X scramjet vehicle in operation at Mach-7 In addition, previously performed analytical or empirical analysis of a particular problem can be used for comparison. Initial validation of such software is typically performed using experimental apparatus such as wind tunnels. Ongoing research yields software that improves the accuracy and speed of complex simulation scenarios such as transonic or turbulent flows. With high-speed supercomputers, better solutions can be achieved, and are often required to solve the largest and most complex problems. Computers are used to perform the calculations required to simulate the free-stream flow of the fluid, and the interaction of the fluid ( liquids and gases) with surfaces defined by boundary conditions. Physiol.Computational fluid dynamics ( CFD) is a branch of fluid mechanics that uses numerical analysis and data structures to analyze and solve problems that involve fluid flows. Conradi, Quantification of lung microstructure with hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI. Conradi, Quantitative in vivo assessment of lung microstructure at the alveolar level with hyperpolarized 3He diffusion MRI. Schroter, Assessing changes in airflow and energy loss in a progressive tracheal compression before and after surgical correction. Mullin, Experimental and theoretical progress in pipe flow transition. Wilcox et al., Turbulence Modeling for CFD, vol. Wilcox, Reassessment of the scale-determining equation for advanced turbulence models. Pfenniger, Transition in the inlet length of tubes at high Reynolds numbers, in Boundary Layer and Flow Control, ed. Menter, Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications. Menter, Zonal two equation kw turbulence models for aerodynamic flows, in 23rd Fluid Dynamics, Plasmadynamics, and Lasers Conference (1993), p. 2906į.R. Hoffman, Characteristics of the turbulent laryngeal jet and its effect on airflow in the human intra-thoracic airways. Cohen, Fluid Mechanics (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2001)Ĭ.-L. Rhee, Changes in nasal airflow and heat transfer correlate with symptom improvement after surgery for nasal obstruction. Tsuda, Low Reynolds number viscous flow in an alveolated duct. Carmi, Stability of Poiseuille flow in pipes, annuli, and channels. Tian, From CT scans to CFD modelling-fluid and heat transfer in a realistic human nasal cavity. Tu, CFD simulations on the heating capability in a human nasal cavity Kimbell, Atrophic rhinitis: a CFD study of air conditioning in the nasal cavity. Wang, Numerical simulation of the effects of inferior turbinate surgery on nasal airway heating capacity. Doorly, Flow features and micro-particle deposition in a human respiratory system during sniffing. Doorly, Large-scale CFD simulations of the transitional and turbulent regime for the large human airways during rapid inhalation. Woods, In vivo validation of upper airway respiratory computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with phase-contrast MRI of hyperpolarized 129xe, p. Amin, Assessing the relationship between movement and airflow in the upper airway using computational fluid dynamics with motion determined from magnetic resonance imaging. Amin, A novel method to generate dynamic boundary conditions for airway CFD by mapping upper airway movement with non-rigid registration of dynamic and static MRI. Schroter, Dynamics of airflow in a short inhalation. ![]() Tolley, Computational fluid dynamics benchmark dataset of airflow in tracheas. Doorly, Power loss mechanisms in pathological tracheas. Comerford, The effects of curvature and constriction on airflow and energy loss in pathological tracheas.
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